National defense is a traditional security and it is the important foundation of secure and peaceful development. The mobilization of military resources in China is an important aspect of China's basic national conditions. Based on the data of the UN organizations and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), this paper focuses on the analysis of human and economic resources in the military mobilization including the number of troops and its proportion of labor force, military expenditure and its proportion of GDP as well as its trend. This paper did a comparative analysis of relevant large countries (or political entity), including those who have great influences on global security and the peripheral countries (or important areas) that have direct impact towards China’s national defense.